Electric bikes are more popular in California than ever, offering riders a clean, affordable, and convenient way to travel. But as ebikes become more common on bike paths, streets, and coastal trails, understanding California’s ebike laws is essential—both for safety and for staying compliant with the state’s regulations.
California was the first state in the U.S. to adopt the standardized 3-Class Electric Bicycle System, and this framework is still the foundation for all state and local ebike rules today. Whether you’re riding for commuting, fitness, errands, or recreation, knowing the difference between Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 ebikes will help you ride legally and confidently.
Below is the complete, updated 2025 guide to California electric bike laws, with clear explanations of each ebike class, speed limits, age requirements, riding locations, helmet rules, and what varies by city.
Definition of An Ebike
Ebikes are different from regular bikes thanks to their electric motor, powered by a battery. The motor engages the bike’s pedal assist system (PAS), which helps move the bike forward while you’re pedaling.
Some ebikes are also throttle-assisted and can move forward even when you aren’t pedaling.
California categorizes ebikes into classes depending on their motor power and whether the bike provides PAS or throttle assist. When discussing ebike laws, it’s important to understand these distinctions because different laws apply to different classes of ebikes.
California’s 3-Class Ebike System
Under California Vehicle Code (CVC §312.5), all electric bikes fall into one of three categories. The class determines your bike’s maximum assisted speed, whether throttle use is allowed, and where you’re legally permitted to ride.
Here’s a quick roundup of the main classes of ebikes, as defined by California law:
Class 1 Ebike
- Pedal assist only (no throttle)
- Top assisted speed: 20 mph
- Motor engages only when pedaling
- Allowed on most bike paths, shared-use paths, and trails where regular bicycles are permitted
Class 1 ebikes are considered the most widely accepted and are suitable for commuting, recreation, and multi-use paths.
Class 2 Ebike
- Pedal assist + throttle
- Top assisted speed: 20 mph
- Throttle can propel the bike without pedaling
- Allowed anywhere Class 1 ebikes are permitted unless a local ordinance prohibits throttle use
Class 2 models provide easy starts and relaxed riding, making them popular for urban transportation and everyday trips.
Class 3 Ebike
- Pedal assist only
- Top assisted speed: 28 mph
- Must be equipped with a speedometer
- Minimum rider age: 16 years old
- Helmet required for riders under 18, and some cities require helmets for all Class 3 users
- Restricted on certain multi-use paths and off-street trails
Class 3 ebikes are designed for faster commuting and higher-speed travel on city streets and designated bike lanes.
California regulations additionally note that a motor can’t have the power of more than 750 watts to qualify as an electric bicycle. If the motor is more powerful, the e-bike might be classified as a different type of vehicle, like a moped or electric scooter.
California Ebike Laws
The California Department of Motor Vehicles provides broad guidance for riding motorized bicycles in the state. However, individual municipalities may have laws on top of these rules (more on that below).
Here’s a quick roundup of basic California state laws for ebike use.
Where you can ride an ebike in California
California ebike laws specify where each class can operate, but cities and counties may add additional restrictions. In general:
✔ Bike Lanes (Alongside Roads)
Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 ebikes are all permitted unless signage states otherwise.
Under CVC §21207.5, Class 3 ebikes are allowed in bike lanes that are within or adjacent to a roadway, unless a local ordinance says otherwise.
✔ Shared-Use Paths (Separated from Roads)
- Class 1: Generally allowed wherever regular bikes are allowed, unless a local ordinance restricts e-bikes.
- Class 2: Same as Class 1, but throttles may be restricted by local rules.
- Class 3: Not allowed on separated bike paths or multi-use trails unless a local ordinance (and signage) explicitly permits them under CVC §21207.5.
✔ Off-Street Trails / Parks
Access varies. Many natural-surface trails restrict Class 2 and Class 3 ebikes. Class 1 is usually the most accepted, but always check local policies.
For California State Parks specifically, ebike access is controlled by Superintendent’s Orders. By default, e-bikes are only allowed on public roadways, and Class 1 access to dirt trails varies by park unit.
✔ Sidewalks
Sidewalk riding is governed entirely by local law in California. Many cities prohibit riding on sidewalks in business districts or busy commercial areas, while some smaller or residential communities allow it. Always check your city’s municipal code before riding on sidewalks.
✔ Roadways
All three ebike classes may use public roads where bicycles are allowed and must follow standard traffic laws. E-bikes are not allowed on freeways or expressways (or toll bridges) where Caltrans or local authorities have posted signs prohibiting bicycle use.
Age Restrictions
To operate a Class 3 electric bicycle in California, a person must be at least 16 years of age (however, you don’t need a special driver’s license for an ebike at 16).
There is no statewide minimum age for operating Class 1 and Class 2 ebikes, though local jurisdictions and school districts may set stricter rules.
Helmet Requirements in California
Helmet rules depend on age and class:
- Under 18 (any class): California law requires a bicycle helmet for all riders and passengers under 18 on any bicycle or e-bike (CVC §21212).
- Class 3 (all ages): California law requires all Class 3 e-bike operators and passengers to wear a helmet on streets, bikeways, and bike paths or trails, regardless of age (CVC §21213(b)).
- 18+ on Class 1 or Class 2: A helmet is strongly recommended but not required by statewide law; however, some cities, schools, and employers may impose their own helmet rules.
Do you need a license or registration?
A common question is:
“Do I need a license to ride an ebike in California?”
✔ No. A driver’s license is not required for any ebike class.
“Do I need registration or insurance?”
✔ No. Electric bikes are regulated like bicycles, not motor vehicles.
However, if your electric bike exceeds:
- 28 mph assisted speed
- or 750W motor power
If your vehicle no longer meets the definition in CVC §312.5 (for example, more than 750W, no operable pedals, or modified for higher speeds), it may be treated as a moped, motor-driven cycle, motorcycle, or off-highway vehicle and then DMV registration, insurance, and an M1/M2 license can be required.
Local Ebike Rules: What Varies by City
The above electric bike laws are state-wide in California. However, some cities and counties have their own rules for ebike use. That’s why checking your area’s guidelines (like contacting your local DMV) is important. Some common differences include:
1. Sidewalk Riding
Cities like Los Angeles and San Jose prohibit it, while smaller cities may allow it in residential zones.
2. Class 3 Access
Certain cities restrict Class 3 ebikes from river paths, coastal trails, or narrow multi-use paths.
3. Parks and Nature Trails
Regional park districts (such as East Bay Regional Park District) often treat ebikes as “mechanized vehicles,” limiting Class 2 or Class 3 access.
Before riding in a new area, always check:
- City municipal code
- County parks website
- Trail-specific rules
How California Enforces Ebike Laws
California primarily enforces ebike regulations through:
- Speed restrictions on shared-use paths
- Minimum age compliance for Class 3
- Helmet checks for minors
- Prohibited-path enforcement based on signage
- Occasional throttle restrictions in dense urban environments
Violations usually result in warnings, but fines may apply in certain jurisdictions.
Tips for Ebike Riders
Respecting ebike regulations, like where you’re allowed to ride, helps you stay safe as a bicyclist — minimizing the risk of accidents. There are also some simple steps you can take to enhance ebike safety.
Keep these tips in mind:
- Wear a helmet. Even if your local ordinance doesn’t require a helmet, we strongly suggest wearing one. Research shows that wearing a helmet can reduce head injuries by 48% and traumatic brain injuries by 53%.
- Use lights and reflectors. Good visibility helps ensure other cyclists, car drivers, and pedestrians can see you — and you can see them. Use headlights to spy others, and equip your bike with reflectors, so you’re easier to see.
- Wear appropriate clothing. The wrong clothes can put your safety at risk when cycling. For example, loose clothing can get stuck in bike chains or spokes. Wear form-fitting but flexible clothes you can ride comfortably in.
- Practice proper cycling form. Good cycling posture can help avoid stressing joints and muscles when riding, reducing the risk of injuries.
- Make sure your bike is well-fitted. Good form is also easier to maintain if your bike is well-fitted — like having the saddle and handlebars at an appropriate height.
- Maintain your bike. If components of your bike aren’t functioning properly, you put yourself at greater risk of accidents. For example, poor-performing brakes can increase the odds of collisions. Maintain your bike with these tips.
Discover the best Velotric electric bike for you
Ebike laws protect you and the people around you. By familiarizing yourself with local legislation for e-bike riders in your area, you can ride without worries — and avoid the hassle of a potential ticket or fine for breaking regulations.
Another way to ride with peace of mind is to invest in a quality ebike. Velotric bikes check all the boxes.
Our frames have been tested more than 150,000 times for safety and quality, while our lithium-ion batteries are certified by Underwriters Laboratories (UL2271), a global safety standards organization.
Both the Discover 2 and Nomad 2X from Velotric come with safety essentials, like a rear light with braking high-beam function and double hydraulic disc brakes.
For everyday riding, opt for the Discover 2 — great for commuting to work or a quick workout. If you want to ride on unpaved terrain, the Nomad 2X is for you. With either model, you can choose from a high-step or step-through frame — here’s the difference.
Final Thoughts
California remains one of the most ebike-friendly states in the nation, but staying informed about ebike classes, where you can ride, and local restrictions ensures a safe, legal, and stress-free experience. Whether you ride for commuting, fitness, or adventure, understanding the distinctions among Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 ebikes will help you choose the model that fits your lifestyle—and the paths you want to explore.
As cities continue expanding bike infrastructure and updating regulations, checking local rules regularly can help you stay ahead of any changes and make the most of your electric bike throughout California.
Data Sources
The above information is sourced from these websites and was last updated in November 2025. If you have any questions, you can visit the following sites directly for confirmation.
- California Laws: Two-Wheel Vehicle Operation
- California Vehicle Code §312.5 – Definition of “electric bicycle” and Class 1/2/3
- California Vehicle Code §21213 – Operation of Class 3 electric bicycles
- California Vehicle Code §21212 – Helmet use for riders and passengers under 18
- California Vehicle Code §21207.5 – Operation of motorized bicycles and e-bikes on bikeways, bike paths, equestrian / hiking trails
- California DMV Motorcycle Handbook – Electric Bicycle Classes & no license/registration/insurance requirement for Class 1–3 e-bikes
- California State Parks – "E-Bikes in CA State Parks"
