Michigan has steadily expanded its cycling network, and ebikes now play a major role in how riders move through cities, state parks, and recreational trails. The state’s electric bike laws are designed to be straightforward, but they include a few Michigan-specific restrictions that every rider should understand before heading out.
Here’s a clear look at how Michigan classifies ebikes, where each type is allowed, and which rules apply statewide.
What’s legally considered an ebike in Michigan?
A vehicle must meet a few criteria to be considered an ebike under Michigan law. First, it has to have a seat or saddle; second, it has to have fully operable pedals; finally, the electric motor can’t have a motor power of more than 750 watts.
Michigan places additional restrictions on natural-surface trails and motorized route access, making it important for riders to know which areas are open to ebikes.
Michigan’s ebike classification system
According to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Michigan classifies ebikes into three categories:
- Class 1 ebikes reach top speeds of 20 miles per hour (mph). They work only when the cyclist is pedaling.
- Class 2 ebikes can’t go more than 20 mph. However, in addition to having pedal assist, they also have throttle assist. This means they can propel you forward even if you aren’t pedaling.
- Class 3 ebikes can go as fast as 28 mph (maximum speed). They have only pedal assist and don’t have throttle assist.
All electric bikes must follow the 750-watt motor limit to remain classified as bicycles. Anything above that threshold may fall under different regulations.
First and foremost, it is important to note that Michigan law explicitly prohibits tampering.
These classifications determine which trails and roadways each bike can legally access.
Ebike laws in Michigan
Why bother classifying ebikes? Different rules and regulations apply to different ebike classes. Below, we summarize Michigan’s electric bike laws. Note that this information is current as of November 2025 but can change.
Where are you allowed to ride ebikes in Michigan?
Michigan provides broad access for ebikes on paved and on-road cycling routes but has clearer distinctions for off-road areas.
Roads, Streets & Bike Lanes
Class 1, 2, and 3 ebikes may be used on most public roads and designated bike lanes where bicycles are permitted. Riders must follow the same rules as traditional cyclists.
Shared-Use & Paved Trails
- Class 1 is widely permitted.
- Class 2 access varies by city or county and may require posted permission.
- Class 3 ebikes are generally prohibited on shared-use paths and non-motorized trails in Michigan, unless the path is adjacent to a roadway or the managing authority explicitly permits them.
Municipalities such as Ann Arbor, Grand Rapids, and Traverse City may implement their own access rules.
Natural-Surface Trails & Mountain Biking Paths
State law generally prohibits ebikes on non-motorized natural-surface trails unless a local authority specifically opens a route for them.
Some parks and regional trail managers now allow Class 1 on select natural trails, but this varies widely across counties.
How old do you have to be to ride an ebike in Michigan?
There’s no minimum age requirement to ride a Class 1 or Class 2 ebike in Michigan. However, you have to be at least 14 years of age to ride a Class 3 ebike. There are also age-specific helmet laws — more on that below.
Do you need a license to ride an electric bike in Michigan?
As you already know, if you want to drive a motor vehicle, you must complete a practical and written exam to get a license. Do you have to do the same thing for an ebike? Nope! Michigan doesn’t require getting a license to ride an electric bicycle.
You also don’t need to register your ebike formally, nor are you required to get any special insurance for it. That said, ebike insurance can help cover everything from damage to the bike to medical payments for injuries resulting from ebike accidents.
Do you need a helmet when riding an ebike in Michigan?
Many states have helmet laws, and Michigan is no exception. There are no helmet requirements for Class 1 or Class 2 ebikes. However, Michigan law requires anyone under 18 to wear a properly fitted bicycle helmet when operating or riding on a Class 3 ebike.
Even if you aren’t required to wear a helmet, it’s a good idea to do so. Numerous studies have shown that helmets can help save lives, reducing the risk of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and other head injuries.
Are ebikes allowed on Mackinac Island?
Ebikes aren’t allowed on Mackinac Island. However, you might be able to get a special permit from the Mackinac Island State Park Commission.
Additionally, there’s an exception if you have a qualifying mobility disability. Mackinac Island city has an ordinance defining what falls under that umbrella.
Local Considerations
Michigan gives cities, counties, and park systems the authority to designate which paved or unpaved trails may be used by ebikes. As a result, riders should expect variations across areas such as:
- Huron-Clinton Metroparks
- Michigan State Parks (Only Class 1 is widely allowed in most Michigan natural-surface trails)
- County-managed mountain bike trails
- Urban trail systems around Detroit, Ann Arbor, and Lansing
Before riding unfamiliar routes, checking local signage or park rules ensures you remain compliant.
What you should know before riding your ebike in Michigan
If you want to go e-biking in Michigan, the first step is to look up the local laws specific to the area you want to ride. Other than researching e-cycling laws, you can take some other steps to make your Michigan bike ride a fun experience:
- Research the best trails. Michigan has some great MTB trails. Favorites include the Huron-Manistee National Forest Trail, which is 22 miles long and accessible from Oscoda, and the Keweenaw State Trail, which is 51.7 miles long and accessible from Copper Harbor.
- Respect the weather. Michigan’s weather runs the gamut from hot and sweaty in the summer to cold in the winter. Dress appropriately for the season. Also, for safety’s sake, avoid cycling when it’s icy or snowy, and the conditions are slick. Many trails are closed in poor weather. This guide to trail closures can help you plan.
- Make safety a top priority. When you’re caught up in the excitement of planning an e-biking trip, it can be easy to disregard safety considerations. Don’t make this mistake! Make sure you’re riding safely, for example, by always wearing a helmet, using lights and reflectors, and getting your bike tuned up regularly.
Explore the best of Michigan with a Velotric ebike
With a top-quality ebike, you can confidently explore Michigan’s wonders. Velotric’s T1ST Plus is ideal for urban riding.
Velotric bikes are rigorously checked for safety: Our frames are tested more than 150,000 times, and our batteries carry UL certification (UL2271). Lights, reflectors, and hydraulic disc brakes help you ride with even greater peace of mind.
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Summary
Michigan’s ebike laws are built around clarity and safety, using a familiar three-class system to guide where riders can go and which bikes belong on certain types of trails. With paved routes widely accessible and natural-surface trail access evolving region by region, riders can enjoy Michigan’s growing cycling network by staying aware of local rules and class-specific restrictions.
Whether commuting, exploring state parks, or riding along Michigan’s expanding bike paths, knowing the regulations helps ensure a smooth and legal ride.
Data Sources
The above information is sourced from these websites and was last updated in November 2025. If you have any questions, you can visit the following sites directly for confirmation.
Michigan State Laws
- Electric bicycle definition — MCL §257.13e
- Exclusion from “motor vehicle” — MCL §257.32b
- Operational rules (age, helmets, paths, modification ban) — MCL §257.662
- Roadway & bike lane rules — MCL §257.660c
Michigan DNR (Trails & State Parks Rules)
